Жернов А.А.

Chemoprevention is the effect aimed at postponing the development of cancer or extension of time to progression. This can be achieved through the use of means slowing down the progression, causing inhibition or reversion of carcinogenesis processes to reduce the risk of developing invasive or clinically significant cancer.

The authors performed a review of data published on the results of clinical studies of chemoprevention.

Hormone therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is the first line drug therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. The time between the onset of hormonal medications and the development of hormone-resistance is about 12-18 months, with 15-20% of patients with tumor primary resistant to HT. As a second-line chemotherapy various schemes with cytotoxic drugs have been proposed: mitoxantrone + prednisone, estramustine, estramustine + vinblastine, or vinorelbine +. Large randomized trials have proved schemes including docetaxel to be most efficient.

One of the biggest problems in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), which distinguishes it from many other solid tumors, is the difficulty of visualization of the tumor process by using modern methods of radiation diagnosis.

At present time radical prostatectomy (RPE) remains one of the most common option of prostate cancer (PCa) surgical treatment. Oncologic specific survival rate is the main criteria of surgical treatment efficiency. One of the factors that can influence on this rate is positive surgical margin that indicates the presence of residual tumor tissues. Due to aforementioned the challenge of intraoperative control methods development is very actual. Fluorescent diagnostics can be considered the possible one. 40 patients were included into research.

Radical prostatectomy (RPE) and brachytherapy (BT) belong to main options of prostate cancer (CaP) treatment. Up to present time there are no researches dedicated to comparative analysis of these methods. Discovering the advantages of one of these methods may help to provide their efficiency analysis.

In past radical nephrectomy was a method of choice in treatment of renal tumors, but recent successes clearly demonstrated advantages of renal-preserving surgical tactics in cases of tumor small size. Partial nephrectomy in patients with renal tumors, both open and laparoscopic, received wide recognition as an alternative to radical nephrectomy. In case of expansion of indications for partial nephrectomy secure methods of tumor resection and prevention of postoperative complications should be developed.

Urine incontinence in male is a possible complication after surgical treatment of prostate gland diseases. Appearance of this pathological condition entails serious psychological problems, as well as influences upon social-economic factors of the treatment efficiency. According to publication data, the frequency of stress urine incontinence (SI) after surgical treatment of the prostate diseases is from 5 up to 65%. Surgeries most frequently leading to urine incontinence are radical prostatectomy and open prostatectomy.