Аполихин О.И.

Introduction. Paragangliomas, also known as chromaffin tumours, are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from paraganglionic tissue located at various sites in the body. These tumours can be either benign or malignant (up to 10% of cases) and their clinical manifestation is often associated with functional activity that may result in the release of catecholamines into the bloodstream. Paragangliomas are most commonly found in the adrenal glands, but can also localise to the bladder region.

Introduction. The alfuzosin and solifenacin combination has previously demonstrated high efficacy and safety in patients with BPH and overactive bladder (OAB), including with severe LUTS, if cases of mechanical type of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were excluded. The present study aim was to confirm the efficacy and safety of such combination therapy in patients with severe urinary disorders according to uroflowmetry (UFM).

Introduction. The lithogenesis of calcium oxalate stones largely depends on specific metabolic disturbances, which develop under the influence of various endogenous, exogenous, and social factors. To prevent recurrence of the disease, according to the Russian Ministry of Health's clinical guidelines for «Urolithiasis», it is necessary to focus on the levels of lithogenic substances in the blood and daily urine. However, these standard values considered without taking into account their potential to cause the development of urinary stones of a specific chemical composition. Determining such laboratory criteria may help clinicians more reliably prevent the development of urolithiasis.

Introduction. Assessment of separate renal function is an important diagnostic characteristic when planning kidney transplant operations or significant surgical interventions. Modern methods make it possible to obtain such data with the help of additional studies, in particular with nephroscintigraphy, which carries with it an additional financial burden and an increase in preoperative preparation time. The developed methods for assessing the separate function of the kidneys due to their automatic segmentation during CT require specialized workstations.

Introduction. Prostatic abscess (PA) is a rare pathological condition occurring in approximately 0.02% of patients with urological diseases. Kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy are at high risk of developing inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. PA may occur at any time after kidney transplantation. Diagnosis and treatment of PA in the early post-transplant period require a special approach aimed at both eliminating the infectious process and preserving the function of the transplanted kidney.

Introduction. Kidney transplantation is the most effective method of treating patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. Recipients of donor kidneys have a significantly increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma of the graft, while its surgical treatment is very difficult due to the pronounced differences in the anatomy of the transplant from native kidneys.

Introduction. In 2021, the sixth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Ejaculate was presented. A spermogram is a basic examination, on the basis of which the entire further diagnostic and therapeutic process is built.

Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the main long-term complications following prostate surgery, whether for cancer-related or benign conditions. According to the literature, UI occurs in 1-10% of cases, though some studies report rates as high as 50%. One of the surgical option for UI is the placement of a male sling. Despite the low level of evidence attributed to this method, interest in and the desire to utilize a less invasive procedure (compared to an artificial urinary sphincter) have persisted for decades.

Introduction. Recently, the first generalized data on the efficacy and safety of alfuzosin (Alfuprost® MR) and solifenacin (Vesigamp) combination therapy (CT) in patients with LUTS/BPH and hyperactive bladder (ОАВ) have been published based on the results of the multicenter observational «AVIATOR» study. This was the first study of alfuzosin and solifenacin combination, in which a set of validated questionnaires was used to assess symptoms.

Introduction. In the structure of urolithiasis, the predominant number of patients have stones consisting of calcium oxalate. These stones have a dense structure that is not amenable to litholysis and grows quickly. At the moment, there are no medications that can non-invasively relieve patients of this type of stones. In this connection, the main methods of treatment, depending on the size of the stones, are either lithokinetic therapy or surgical treatment.