PEDIATRIC UROLOGY

Introduction. Foreign bodies of the lower urinary tract in children are a rather rare pathology in the practice of a pediatric urologist and pediatric surgeon. There are not many cases of this condition described in the literature, despite the trend towards an increase in the incidence of foreign bodies in children. Foreign bodies in the lower urinary tract are most common in adolescents and are usually self-introduced to satisfy sexual desire or curiosity.

Introduction. Currently, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is the main treatment for large and coral-like kidney stones in children.

The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in children using miniature-sized instruments.

Introduction. Currently, percutaneous renal surgery is a common surgical procedure in urologic practice for the treatment of large and staghorn renal stones. Placement of a nephrostomy tube has been well recognized as a standard procedure to provide hemostasis, adequate drainage, and access for additional endoscopic procedures. At the same time, the use of a nephrostomy tube has negative consequences such as discomfort/pain symptom, longer hospital stay and possible urine extravasation. In view of the above, draining of the access tract raises questions in some cases.

Introduction. The choice of surgical treatment with kidney stone disease directly depends on the size of the kidney stones. According to clinical guidelines for the treatment of urolithiasis in children, the size of a kidney stone in adult patients is used to determine tactics. Normally, the longitudinal size of the kidney of a child, for example, 1-3 years old, is 2 times smaller than that of an adult, and the width of the child's ureter is 37% less than the width of the adult's ureter.

Introduction. The average recurrence rate after inguinal orchiopexy is 1%, and with scrotal access – 3%. The high incidence of cryptorchidism determines a relatively large number of patients who need redo orchiopexy, which explains the interest in studying the results of the use of inguinal and scrotal approaches in the surgical treatment of recurrent cryptorchidism.

Introduction. Hemangioma of the genitourinary system is not common, and accounts for about 2% of cases among all hemangiomas. Its localization on the scrotum and glans penis is the most rare and the incidence of this pathology is less than 1%. The available literature presents various approaches to the treatment of penile hemangioma: drugs that inhibit the growth of blood vessels and narrow existing blood vessels (propranolol), surgical excision, sclerotherapy using a neodymium laser, sclerotherapy using polidocanol are used.

Introduction. Complete separation of the deferent duct from the epididymis with the testicle in abdominal cryptorchidism cases is an extremely rare variation of abnormal development of genitals in boys. Available sources mention just 3 clinical cases similar to our observations. The unique anatomic details of the abnormality and extreme rarity of its exposure pave the way for a failure to reveal an intra-abdominal testis, and determine the need for particular attention during diagnostic laparoscopy.

Introduction. Kidney duplication is one of the most common urological developmental anomalies, the incidence of which is 0.8%. At the same time, various types of obstructive uropathy can be a concomitant pathology in such a situation. There are various methods for correcting obstructive uropathy. Currently, more and more often in the treatment of obstructive uropathy of one of the segments of the doubled kidney, a method such as ureteroureterostomy is used. However, there is still no consensus on which treatment tactics in this case is the most optimal.

Introduction. The problem of enuresis to this day remains relevant primarily in connection with a decrease in the quality of life of both children, due to psychological discomfort, and their parents.

The aim of the study was to select effective algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents, taking into account the pathogenesis of the disease.

Introduction. In modern reproductive medicine, increasingly attention is paid to pathospermia caused by the formation of oxidative stress, one of the causes of which is varicocele, leading to the formation of hyperthermia and testicular ischemia. The excess of reactive oxygen species, free radicals in the ejaculate during oxidative stress can provoke damage to spermatozoa at the subcellular level, leading not only to DNA fragmentation, but also damage to the acrosome, mitochondria, and increased apoptosis.