EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY

Studies were conducted on Wistar rats; pyelonephritis was modeled by the introduction of mercury dichloride and Staphylococcus aureus. To confirm the development of pyelonephritis, clinical, laboratory, hematological, and morphological changes were assessed. 

Urinalysis is the most commonly used method of assessing and monitoring of the patient in urological practice. 

Objective: to estimate the diagnostic value of the portable urine analyzer "ETTA AMP-01" for subsequent use as a tool for patient-centered urology (mHealth) with proven efficacy. 

In this experimental work on 28 female inbreed rats we have studied the action of the complex of anti-ischemic medications (alpha-tocopherol, trental, mexidol and diltiazem in a daily dosage 10 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, correspondingly) and alpha-adrenoblocker doxazosin in a daily dosage 0.05 mg/kg with the background of the modelled infravesical obstruction via the dosed compression of the infravesical urethra.

Acute and chronical experiments were carried out using 30 white inbreed male rats. Blood circulation and neurogenic vegetative regulation of the bladder and prostate were studied in the normal conditions at the different filling of the bladder (full, empty) and also in the models of pathologic conditions (acute urinary retention, benign prostatic hyperplasia). Overfilling the bladder influenced the blood supply both to the bladder itself and to the prostate.

Acute renal damage is a frequent consequence of the prolonged warm kidney ischemia during the operation, which could affect the contralateral kidney being estimated as healthy before the operation. 

In the experiment with 32 male rats we have investigated the action of the low-intensity shock waves (LISW) in the prostate area at the hemodynamics and metabolism of the prostate and also at the tissue penetrability for the antibiotics. The assumption was the possible application of this method in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

The effectiveness of cryodestruction of the tissues depends on the quality of visualization of the process, of fast freezing and slow process of thawing, and also of repeating of the freeze-thaw cycles. The main factors that have a damaging effect on the tissue under the influence of low temperatures are: formation of intracellular and extracellular ice crystals, increase of the concentration of electrolytes and mechanical damage of structural components of cells. Thermal parameters used in the past with cryotherapy were inaccurate, leading to treatment failure.

In patients subjected to the kidney ischemia during the partial nephrectomy due to renal cancer it is important to study the pathogenesis of ischemic changes, which is necessary for selection of optimal ischemia time during the operation. The aim of the study was to study the expression of angiogenesis and fibrinolysis related biomarkers in cortical layer of the kidney in the acute ischemia setting in rats of different age and sex. The study model was «two kidneys – one clamp».

Nowadays the role of the organ-sparing kidney operations is growing, which is related to the prevention of the chronic kidney disease progression. The optimization of the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to the detection of certain biological markers. Among them are neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin-NGAL (lipocalin-2), interleukin-18, molecule of the renal damage-1 (3-NHE-3) and the enzymes localized normally in the brush border of the proximal channels, and some other parameters.

The arsenal of tools for pharmacologic protection of the kidney during the nephron-sparing surgery is very limited, which warrants the constant search for new pharmacological agents, which could provide antihypoxic, antiischemic and renoprotective effects.