ONCOUROLOGY

An accurate understanding of the ways of lymphatic drainage in prostate cancer allows to solve one of the important tasks of clinical oncourology — staging and treatment of the disease, as the lesion neoplastic process of the regional lymph nodes is one of the most important independent factors of prognosis in patients. Historically, interest in the study of lymph prostate first showed surgeons to address two issues: to establish proper boundaries lymphodissection in radical surgical treatment and to minimize its volume to reduce the frequency of complications.

A combination of brachytherapy and distance X-ray therapy is a suitable method for treating patients with a high risk of prostate cancer progression. This can help to yield better results, in comparison with radical prostatectomy and distance X-ray therapy alone. However, application of a complex X-ray therapy has considerable disadvantages.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker of a system inflammatory response, which can act as an independent prognostic factor for several solid malignant tumors, such as prostate cancer, whose diagnostics is an urgent problem of modern urology.

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is among the well-known forms of malignant urinary tract tumors. Among malignant neoplasms, this disease is the eights most widespread in women and fourth - in men. 80% of UBC cases occur in men.

Introduction. Radical prostatectomy (RPE) is still regarded as the gold standard for treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC). At the same time, the idea of “active surveillance” of patients with PC is gaining its popularity during the last decade. The patients from this group are characterized by the following parameters: their estimated life expectancy is more than 10 years, cT1/2, their PSA level is less than 10ng/ml, their biopsy Gleason score is less than 7 and they have less than 2 positive biopsies.

The paper is aimed at finding the ways of urine derivation after cystectomy. Maintenance of high quality of patient’s life is one of the key point to achieve when treating patients with organic lesion of the urinary bladder (in addition to treating cancer). In a series of cases, the formation of orthotropic neocystis after cystectomy is not possible, so the creation of a cavity with low intraluminal pressure enabling urinary retention is a preferred operation.

The "gold" standard of diagnosis of prostate cancer is a transrectal multifocal prostate biopsy under ultrasound. The total number of columns of tissue obtained by needle biopsy, depending on the clinical picture and the presence of suspicious areas on ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. The most commonly represented prostatic adenocarcinoma cancer. In rare cases it can be diagnosed primary transitional cell cancer and mesenchymal tumors.

Introduction. Histological examination is crucial for the final conclusion in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The result depends on the experience and skill of the doctor performing the analysis of the microscopic picture of specimen of the prostate tissue. In this regard, task of automation of such analysis is the actual for improving objectivity and accuracy of the analysis.

Osteoporosis in men is a significant medical, social and economic problem. Despite the fact that osteoporosis is considered to be more com­mon for women than for men, it has been calculated that up to one third of fractures in men are accounted by osteoporosis. Osteoporosis in men often remains untreated due to little attention to the problem, which therefore increases the risk of new fractures.

Introduction. 30 years ago, the PSA test made a radical change in prostate cancer diagnostics. However, today there is hard data indicating its limited diagnostic relevance of this marker. A search for new markers of prostate cancer and development of test systems on their basis is becoming relevant.