ONCOUROLOGY

Treatment of the renal cell carcinoma with parenchymatous and central localization in single or single functioning kidney, and although in case of significant pathology of contralateral kidney is a hard challenge.

Aim of the study: the development of the technique of extracorporeal kidney resection with pharmacological and cold temperature ischemia and orthotopic replantation of vessels without the transection of the ureter in patients with renal cell cancer (RCC).

Fifty-four patients (44 men and 10 women) were examined and treated with the mean age of 64.6±9.93 years (range 38-90), which were referred to the emergency urological departments due to the macrohematuria.

The guidelines for treatment of prostate cancer using the low-dosage permanent tissue radiation therapy (brachytherapy) approved during the expert meeting of the Russian Brachy-therapeutic Society on 4th October 2014 are presented in this article. The references are given to the guidelines for the technology of prostate brachytherapy from years 2006, 2009 and 2010. The questions of the diagnostics and patient selection for brachytherapy are discussed, indications and contraindications are defined for the brachytherapy.

Over the past 20 years a large number of prostate cancer (PCa) markers have been proposed. A combination of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG is among them. The real-time RT-PCRbased method for РСА3 and TMPRSS2-ERG determination in urine and prostate tissue is being developed at Russian Scientific-research Institute of Urology. Purposely to assessment of its diagnostic value, two independent samples of prostate tissue (n=78) and urine (n=56) specimens were investigated. The blood level of PSA, pathomorphological findings, PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG urinary and tissue expression were assessed.

A constant upwards trend is observed in Russian federation with regard to the bladder cancer (BCA) incidence. Early diagnostics plays a crucial role for the treatment efficacy. Biomarkers are contemporary used for diagnostics with some substances considered to be feasible for this application (tumor antigens, proliferation, adhesion and angiogenesis markers, etc.) More than 10 test systems were integrated in the clinic, which were more effective than urine cytology (UC), but nevertheless had some limitations.

Aim of the study: to evaluate efficacy and safety of the superselective roentgen – endovascular chemoembolization (SREC) in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Introduction. Chromogranin-A (CgA) is the most popular marker for neuroendocrine tumors. CgA demonstrates acceptable diagnostic value in neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate cancer (PC). At the same time there are conflicting data in the literature on NED detection frequency in PC patients, based on blood serum CgA level, which may be the result of variability of testing methods. There are two widely used blood serum CgA detection methods: DAKO (Denmark) and EuroDiagnostica (Sweden).

Radical prostatectomy is a main treatment modality for the patients with localized prostate cancer. We have performed a comparative retrospective evaluation of the outcomes for robot-assisted (RALP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomies (RPE) concerning the overall and cancer-specific survival and biochemical recurrence.

We have studied the autofluorescence and induced fluorescence in renal tumors and healthy renal tissues in 90 patients with renal cell carcinoma from the National Scientific Institute of Urology in the period from January 2012 up to June 2013. “Alasens” (5-aminolevulenic acid hydrochloryde) was shown to be selectively accumulated in the tumor cells, to transform into protoporphyrine IX and to fluoresce against the blue light.

Introduction. Principle of the combined analysis of the operation outcomes is more informative than discrete analysis of the single components. For radical prostatectomy three parameters (trifecta) could be under considerations – oncological outcome, continence and sexual function «trifecta», as well as more complex «pentafecta» with addition of postoperative complications and surgical margin status.