ONCOUROLOGY

In the west countries only 2 cases of the upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UUTUC) are registered for 100 000 individuals. The anomalic doubling of the kidney is accounted for no more as 0.8% of cases. Therefore, UUTUC of one part of the doubled kidney is extremely rare to happen. PubMed search revealed single case reports of the UUTUC located in ureter of doubled kidney. Of 11 cases 10 have received the total nephroureterectomy with bladder wall resection, in only one case – ureter was resected with the formation of the uretero-ureteral anastomosis.

Introduction. Nephrectomy could be performed using open (ON), laparoscopic (LN) and robot-assisted (RAN) techniques. All methods provide a durable cure from the cancer, nevertheless the tendency of the last years is to use the minimally invasive approaches. The aim of our study was to compare these three techniques in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Prostate cancer (PCa) – one of the most important medical problems relating to male population. The degree of tumor differentiation, defined by Gleason score as a result of prostate biopsy is the most important pathological characteristics affecting the prognosis after radical treatment and correlated with pathological stage.

Aim of the study. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgical treatments (cryoablation) of kidney tumors in patients at high surgical risk.

Materials and methods. In the period from March 2010 to October 2013 twelve patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (clinical stage I) underwent cryoablation. The age of patients ranged from 26 to 82 years (median 57 years). Median follow up was 19 months (minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 36 months).

For a quarter of the century since Ralph Clayman performed the first laparoscopic nephrectomy, technique of the operation has developed and was standardized to details: from the placing of the patient on the operation table to the evacuation of the specimen. The algorithm of every standard laparoscopic operation on the upper urinary tract suggests wide mobilization of colon with the aim to access the retroperitoneum. This stage is almost always lasts more than one third of the operation time and coupled with certain risks of iatrogenic injuries.

More than 20-years experience of PSA use for PCa screening has lead to a life expectancy growth and reduction of mortality in PCa patients.

Bladder diverticulum may be congenital or acquired. In the second case diverticulum often develop on the background of infravesical obstruction. Diverticulum are protrusions of the bladder wall through a defect in its wall. Knowing that morphologically diverticulum wall is represented by muscle fibers, full emptying of the diverticulum does not usually happen. This fact leads to the constant presence of residual urine in the cavity of the diverticulum and, as a consequence to the possibility of forming stones.

Widely used detection of the prostatic specific antigen (PSA) to the growth of the prostate biopsies being performed; introduction of the age-related normal values of PSA led to growth of the number of unjustified biopsies. As a result of this the constant need in the new prostate cancer biomarkers is obvious. PCA3 – is a non-coding mRNA, which is expressed exclusively by the prostate cells.

Infectious complications represent a serious problem linked to HIFUtherapy, which can slow down the rehabilitation after procedure and lengthen the hospitalization time. Infectious complications stay with approximately 12.5% of all complications and are in general restricted to epididymitis, pyelonephritis and cystitis. The aim of our study was to find out the factors predisposing to the infectious complications. Our study included 98 patients, which underwent HIFU-therapy. In all cases transurethral resection was done before the procedure.

Aim of the study was to estimate the capabilities of echography during the different steps of the prostate cancer HIFU-ablation; to determine the echographic features of prostate after HIFU-therapy and the role of the ultrasound tomography in monitoring of patients after ablation.