ONCOUROLOGY

Introduction. In patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (ESRD), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is detected more often than in the general population. In order to improve the results of treatment of this category of patients, we conducted a retrospective analysis of our own experience.

Introduction. According to autopsies, the frequency of unilateral kidney dystopia ranges from 1:660 to 1: 1000, with an average of 1:800 newborns, and lumbar dystopia is more common, mainly in boys. The left kidney is dystopian more often than the right. Bilateral dystopia is rare. In the structure of cancer incidence in the Russian population, bladder cancer ranks 9th among men and 17th among women. When analyzing the literature data, we did not find any recommendations for methods of urine derivation in patients with diagnosed bladder cancer in pelvic kidney dystopia.

Introduction. This review of the literature presents the results of the analysis of studies on the etiology, pathogenesis, methods of diagnosis and treatment of urothelial carcinoma in persons under 20 years of age. Worldwide, the number of such patients is small, and special programs of treatment and diagnostic measures, as well as molecular genetic panels for these patients have not yet been developed.

Introduction. Prostate cancer remains one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary system. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is currently considered the most effective option for the treatment of this pathology. Special conditions of this operation, such as long-term stay of the patient in the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, affect blood pressure, vascular resistance and inotropic function of the heart. The clinical significance of this effect remains poorly understood.

Introduction. Currently, prostate cancer is one of the main problems in oncourology. The development of the health-care industry has increased the quality of treatment. This increases the percentage of detection of localized forms of prostate cancer. Recent advances in MR-tomography does possible detection of tumor-suspicious focuses in various anatomical areas of the prostate. The studies of recent years describe prostate resection in anterior cancer as an alternative to standard treatment.

Objective. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a hormone-sensitive tumor, therefore, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is one of the options in the treatment of this widespread  disease. ADT aims to block the synthesis or action of androgens that stimulate the proliferation of prostate tissue through bilateral orchiectomy or the use of drugs.  The main drugs used are luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (aLHRH) agonists.

Introduction. High-risk prostate cancer (PC) is a life-threatening disease prone to progression and metastatic spread. These patients represent a heterogeneous population with a varying treatment efficacy. Currently, the clinical recommendations of leading associations consider radical prostatectomy (RPE) as a therapeutic option for treatment of patients with high-risk PC (HR-PC).

Introduction. The problem of urine diversion occupies one of the leading places in reconstructive urology. The formation of an orthotopic urinary reservoir of the intestinal segment is a rather surgical aid when performing cystectomy. One of the terrible complications of this operation is the reflux of infected urine, which requires an assessment of modern methods of antireflux protection.

Introduction. Organ-preserving treatment of bladder cancer (BC) is an acute problem in modern oncourology. Presently, the gold standard of treatment for muscle-invasive BC is radical cystectomy. However, the search for new organ-preserving methods remains to be relevant.

Aim. To review available publications dedicated to organ-preserving robot-assisted surgical treatment of muscle-invasive BC.

Introduction. Currently, radiation therapy is one of the most effective and radical methods of treating prostate cancer (PCa), however, the specific gravity of radiation damage to the anatomical structures providing erectile function (EF) is not completely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical and topographic relationship of the prostate and vascular structures that provide erectile function (EF), to substantiate the technique of «vascular-preserving» radiation therapy of prostate cancer (PCa).