Выпуск №1 за 2012 год

Analysis of main positions of the antibacterial prophylaxis methods before surgical interventions and main requirements for antibacterial prophylaxis medications. Approaches to empirical antibiotic prophylaxis in surgeries on kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, scrotum organs, as well as reconstructive interventions using a fragment of intestine are stated.

The article is devoted to one of the most complicated and least studied problems of modern surgery, traumatology and urology – the combined post-traumatic injuries of the pelvis and lower urinary tract. Current medical problem is that there is no clearly developed scheme of cooperative examination and management of such patients by urologists and traumatologists. The article considers etiological factors and mechanism of injury of the lower urinary tract in fractures of the pelvis.

Uremic toxins accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease. These molecules may deteriorate the biochemical and physiological dysfunctions that define the uremic syndrome. Earlier studies concentrated on small water soluble and large middle molecules. However, the focus of the clinicians is shifting toward protein-bound uremic toxins recently. Protein-bound uremic toxins, including many kinds of different toxins, have been neglected for a long time and its clinical importance has been demonstrated in recent years.

Due to new technological achievements and clinical studies treatment of male stress incontinence (SI) constantly improves. Nevertheless optimal level of safety and efficacy is still not gained. Search for the alternative option for artificial sphincter, which is used for 40 years, is not finished. Attempts to develop a device both safe and efficient for patients with different grades of SI, low possible complication rates and possibility to adjust tension rate according to individual particularities are still continued.

The article presents a program of prevention of thromboembolic complications with the use of compression hosiery, which was held in the Federal State Institution "Research Institute of Urology" in 2010 to 2011. The programme aim was improving patient outcomes by reducing the thrombotic complications by using the integrated prevention of compression hosiery. The data of 1872 patients were analyzed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of compression hosiery. The patients were divided into 2 groups.

Prostate gland malignant tumors – actual problem of modern oncology. Radical prostatectomy (RPE) is a most efficient treatment option with patients’ high survival and quality of life rates. Moreover RPE allows precise morphological staging, which has a direct relation for prognosis and further treatment options.

Prostate cancer (PCa) – one of the most common diseases among the male population of the world, providing a major impact on world health and economy. It is believed that the disease within the first 15 years after detection is relatively indolent, and a significant increase in mortality rates is observed after 15 years. High popularity of screening led to overdiagnosis, ie, the detection of clinically insignificant prostate cancer.

Hormone therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa) is the first line drug therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. The time between the onset of hormonal medications and the development of hormone-resistance is about 12-18 months, with 15-20% of patients with tumor primary resistant to HT. As a second-line chemotherapy various schemes with cytotoxic drugs have been proposed: mitoxantrone + prednisone, estramustine, estramustine + vinblastine, or vinorelbine +. Large randomized trials have proved schemes including docetaxel to be most efficient.

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors antagonists (alpha-blockers) are the most effective drugs for the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia This article provides an overview of the pharmacological profile of a new alpha-1 adrenergic receptors antagonists - silodosin, especially - for the safety and portability profiles.

The study of the levels of sex hor­mones in 35 patients with varico­cele, underwent Marmar-Goldstein surgery, and 31 patients underwent surgery on the scrotum due to hydro­cele, inguinal hernia, as well as other pathology of testicles.
The levels of hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) were mea­sured in serum taken simultaneously from the cubital vein and the pampi­niform plexus vein.