Introduction. One of the causes of male infertility is a violation of the patency of the vas deferens with the development of obstructive azoospermia. Often the cause of such infertility is epididymal cysts. Various methods have been proposed for the treatment of cysts. One of them is the use of sclerotherapy, the results of which are not fully evaluated and systematized.

The aim. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy in the treatment of epididymal cysts.

Materials and methods. 82 patients with epididymal cysts (EC) aged 18 to 45 years were included in 2 groups: the standard approach was used in the treatment of 47 patients (comparison group), sclerotherapy of EC was used in the treatment of 36 patients (main group). Sclerotherapy of EC included anesthesia, aspiration of the contents of the cyst and injection of a sclerosant; under ultrasound control, a EC was punctured and its contents evacuated, then a sclerosant was introduced into the cyst cavity (ethoxysclerol 1% – 2.5 ml), exposure 5 min.

Results. It was established that when using the approach we proposed for the treatment of EC in patients, the severity of the pain syndrome is less pronounced, more favorable dynamics of the spermogram indicators (increase in the total ejaculate volume and sperm count in 1 ml of ejaculate) were noted. Complications of treatment and adverse events in the early postoperative and long-term periods were not observed in patients of both groups.

Conclusion. Sclerotherapy is an effective, safe, affordable and low-traumatic treatment for obstructive azoospermia caused by EC.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.