In the paper we present a result of study of antibiotics (vancomycin, cefotaxime, amicacin, meropenem, ciprofloxacin) effect on cytokine production by mononuclear fraction of periferal blood cells in normal condition and in chronic renal failure. It was found that in case of severe renal failure functional activity of mononuclear fraction of periferal blood cells was lower as compared to individuals with normal renal function. The impact of vancomycin on cytokine production in normal renal function is negative (proinflammatory cytokine promotion and antiinflammatory cytokine inhibition) however in chronic renal failure the same effects are positive. Ceftriaxone exerts minimal effect on cytokine production. The effect of ciprofloxacin on cytokine production is generally positive regardless of kidney function; that is inhibition of TNF secretion in normal kidney function, anti-inflammatory cytokines activation regardless of glomerular filtration rate and minor interleukin-4 inhibition particularly in case of renal failure. Immunological effects of amicacin are controversial. It promotes both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Immunological effects of meropenem are positive in normal kidney function concluding reduce of proinflammatory cytokine production without an impact on antiinflammatory cytokines. In chronic renal failure immunological effects of meropenem expressed in a considerably less degree and have slightly negative character. It has stimulating effect on anti-inflammatory IL-10.

The article is supplemented with a literature review about the impact of antimicrobial agents on the immunity.