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Number №4, 2023 - page 143-155

Inflammation of paraurethral ducts and glands in women: the problem with 350 years history DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-4-143-155

For citation: Kislitsyn P.O., Protoshchak V.V., Kukushkin A.V., Sinelnikov L.M., Galyuk D.A., Babkin P.A., Kushnirenko N.P., Paronnikov M.V., Iglovikov N.Yu. Inflammation of paraurethral ducts and glands in women: the problem with 350 years history. Experimental and Clinical Urology 2023;16(4):143-155; https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2023-16-4-143-155
Kislitsyn P.O., Protoshchak V.V., Kukushkin A.V., Sinelnikov L.M., Galyuk D.A., Babkin P.A., Kushnirenko N.P., Paronnikov M.V., Iglovikov N.Yu.
Information about authors:
  • Kislitsyn P.O. – urologist at the Urology Clinic of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 1228173
  • Protoshchak V.V. – MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 608157, https://orcid.org/0000‑0002‑4996‑2927
  • Kukushkin A.V. (1935-2022) – MD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Urology at the Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; RSCI Author ID 360007
  • Sinelnikov L.M. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of the Urology Clinic of the Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 581520
  • Galyuk D.A. – Clinical Resident of the Urology Clinic of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Babkin P.A. – MD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 265891, https://orcid.org/0000‑0003‑0829‑2661
  • Kushnirenko N.P. – MD, Professor, Professor of the Department of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 907517
  • Paronnikov M.V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 898084
  • Iglovikov N.Yu. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; St. Petersburg, Russia; RSCI Author ID 897903, https://orcid.org/0009‑0006‑2027‑9573
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Introduction. Inflammation of the Skene glands is one of the common causes of persistent dysuria and recurrent lower urinary tract infections. Lack of awareness about this pathology can lead to diagnostic errors and inadequate treatment. This pathology is not sufficiently covered in the literature, which was the reason for preparing this lecture.

Results. The lecture review covers the history of studying the anatomy of the paraurethral glands in women, the first attempts to diagnose and treat various diseases. The issues of homology of the paraurethral ducts and glands in women with the prostate gland in men are considered, the anatomy, morphology and immunohistochemical properties of the Skene glands are described, as well as modern ideas about their function. The historical background, nomenclature and classification are presented. The role of inflammation in these structures as a cause of persistent dysuria and a source of persistent lower urinary tract infections has been demonstrated. The need to standardize the methodology for examining patients with skineitis and the search for a specialized instrument for an adequate examination of the female urethra is substantiated. An analysis of the effectiveness of electrical resection of Skene's glands was carried out.

Conclusions. One of the main factors behind unsatisfactory treatment results for lower urinary tract infections is inflammation of the paraurethral ducts and glands. Their insufficient visualization and assessment are the reasons for frequent relapses of the disease and repeated surgical interventions.

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paraurethral ducts and glands; Skene's glands; skineitis; chronic skineitis; prostate homolog in women; female prostate; treatment of female urethritis; recurrent cystourethritis; female urethra; urethralgia in women; Rieser operation

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