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Intratumoral heterogeneity of the parenchyma and stroma of bladder cancer DOI: 10.29188/2222-8543-2024-17-3-52-61
- Zhestkov I.A. – Urologist, General Clinical Department, PhD student, Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-7319
- Oleynikova N.A. – PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; RSCI Author ID 824855, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8564-8874
- Okhobotov D.A. – Dr. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; RSCI Author ID 759176, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-9004
- Kamalov D.M. – PhD, urologist of Medical and Educational Scientific Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University and researcher of Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3069-7128
- Dzitiev V.K. – PhD, Head of the Urological Department, Research Fellow, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-589X
- Varentsov M.G. – PhD student, Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8649-668X
- Nesterova O.Yu. – PhD, Urologist, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Research Fellow, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Senior Lecturer, Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4547
- Tivtikian A.S. – Urologist, Research Trainee, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0686-7935
- Malkov P.G. – Dr. Sci., Head of the Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; RSCI Author ID 824314, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-3513
- Kamalov A.A. – Professor, Dr. Sci., Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Medical and Educational Scientific Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Head of the Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia; RSCI Author ID 759356,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-7545
28 Introduction. The interaction of the tumor stroma and parenchyma with epithelial cells of bladder cancer (BCa) plays a crucial role in the course and progression of the disease. However, currently, there are no clearly defined markers reflecting the tumor microenvironment, which hinders the assessment of their impact on the course of BCa.
Objective. To analyze current understanding of the BCa microenvironment and identify immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of the tumor stroma and parenchyma.
Materials and methods. A search for publications was conducted in the international database MEDLINE on the PubMed platform, in the Russian electronic library eLibrary.ru, and in the Google Scholar search engine. Search queries included the following combinations of words: «bladder cancer», «tumor heterogeneity», «tumor microenvironment». A total of 159 publications were analyzed, of which 55 were selected for this review. Conference abstracts, short communications, and duplicate publications were excluded.
Results. According to the review of scientific publications, the tumor microenvironment increases the risk of disease progression and metastasis, reduces sensitivity to immunotherapy due to immune cell sequestration, altered tumor metabolism, and the production of carcinogenic substances.
Conclusions. The tumor microenvironment influences the course of BCa. However, there is no consensus on the markers of the tumor microenvironment and their prognostic value.
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