A complex Sequential treatment of penile malformation in boys with epispadias and bladder exstrophy
Introduction. Main symptoms of epispadias are characterized by partial or complete splitting of the urethra. The penis is shortened due to the separation of symphysis pubis and has dorsal deformation because of tunica albuginea hypoplasia on its dorsal side. The glans penis is flattened and the foreskin covers only its ventral side. Boys with subtotal and total epispadias have partial or complete urinary incontinence.