Меринов Д.С.

Introduction. Urolithiasis remains one of the most common urological pathologies that deserves due attention in the healthcare system. A current direction in optimizing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PСNL) is a personalized prognosis for patient management based on artificial intelligence (AI) decisionmaking algorithms. In our work, we applied an algorithm to create the most optimal tactics for patient management after PCNL.

Purpose. Optimize the management of patients after PCNL based on AI.

Introduction. Currently, percutaneous renal surgery is a common surgical procedure in urologic practice for the treatment of large and staghorn renal stones. Placement of a nephrostomy tube has been well recognized as a standard procedure to provide hemostasis, adequate drainage, and access for additional endoscopic procedures. At the same time, the use of a nephrostomy tube has negative consequences such as discomfort/pain symptom, longer hospital stay and possible urine extravasation. In view of the above, draining of the access tract raises questions in some cases.

Introduction. The review is devoted to the analysis of the world experience in the use of artificial intelligence in medicine and urology.

Materials and methods. The review was conducted on the basis of data published in the PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.ru databases and on the professional medical associations websites. The article contains 43 scientific publications.

Introduction. Application of endourological interventions is the first step for treatment number of diseases of urinary tract. However, experience has shown, to date short-term and long-term results occasionally are worse for patients pretreated with minimally invasive methods, then open surgery. Still it is open to discuss about choice between methods of treatment for primary and second application of patients with damages of urinary tract.

Background. The efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is currently assessed using computed tomography, whose wide implementation in clinical practice is limited by economic reasons and the risk of high radiation doses during the disease monitoring period. Aim. To demonstrate the high predictive precision of nomograms, which are valuable for assessing the expected efficacy of interventions.

Introduction. Pyelonephritis is an infectious and inflammatory disease in which the renal cup system and the renal parenchyma are affected.

Objective: To establish the etiological structure of the upper urinary tract infection (UUTI), sensitivity and resistance of pathogens to antibiotics of patients in Orel and the Orel region.

Data on antimicrobial prophylaxis of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is presented in this article. The study was conducted among 60 patients with staghorn and multiple kidney stones who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL).

For prevention of infectious complications of PCNL pyobacteriophage preparation or antibiotic drug were used. Nephrostomic tubes and urethral catheters were treated with pyobacteriophage preparation for 30 minutes to hinder the formation of bacterial biofilms.

Medical care for patients with urolithiasis in childhood requires special attention. We would like to make out typical mistakes, that admitted in the treatment of urolithiasis in children, and to focus the attention of specialists on the choice of the algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of urolithiasis in childhood, using the example of the following clinical case. Anamnesis of the child's disease described in detail in the article: the results of the basic instrumental research methods are given, the tactics of surgical treatment are reflected.

Introduction. Staghorn stones have a special growth pattern, in which the processes of the calculus gradually fill the internal cavities of the calyceal system of the kidney, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the function of this organ. Like other urinary stones, staghorn stones are characterized by epitaxial growth, in which one crystal layer is formed on top of the other one. The study of the metabolic bases of lithogenesis of these stones can be important for the search for new methods of antirecurrent treatment.

Severe deformation of the vertebral column combined with the abnormalities of upper urinary tracts development leads to alterations of the topographical anatomy of the kidney. This condition accounts for additional difficulties in surgical access and creates prerequisites for a more thorough selection of the tactics of operative treatment. Today, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) is regarded as the gold standard in treatment of kidney stone disease.