Ефремов Е.А.

Modern physicians are fairly familiar with hypogonadism. Nowadays general practitioners, therapists, endocrinologists and urologists prescribe testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Although low testosterone level, in a combination with symptoms and signs of hypogonadism, is an indication for TRT, there are some disagreements with regard to possible complications of testosterone medication and the evaluation of benefits and risks of TRT.

Nowadays the erectile dysfunction is considered the key point in understanding of the mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The number of patients with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases increases together with the worldwide frequency of sexual disorders. Every year about 17 million people die of cardiovascular diseases. During the last decades various surgical and endovascular methods of treatment of this pathology have been actively used.

The last epidemiological data were gathered in Russian Federation based on the questionnaire survey of 1225 respondents in year 2012. MIEF-5 analysis shows that only 10.1% are not having the erectile dysfunction (ED) with mild ED in 71.3%, moderate ED – 6.6% and severe ED in 12% of respondents. Thus, 1101 / 1225 patients (89.9%) had the symptoms of ED.

The most common pathogenetic factor for erectile dysfunction is a vascular lesion, and it is often systemic disease. Therefore, the identification of vascular origin of erectile dysfunction can be a reason for comprehensive examination of the cardiovascular system. The lack of published data on the connection between arteriogenic erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease caused of the organization of our study. We examined 481 adult male with complaints of erectile dysfunction.

Microsurgical spermatozoid extraction is a highly effective method for the acquisition of the spermatozoids in case of non-obstructive azoospermia of different etiology. Intraoperative microscopy allows the visualization of the extended seminal channels, which could contain spermatozoids, and their microdissection. The advantage of this technology is reduced invasiveness and high efficacy in the acquisition of the spermatozoids in case of secretory azoospermia.

Prostate cancer (PCa) – one of the most important medical problems relating to male population. The degree of tumor differentiation, defined by Gleason score as a result of prostate biopsy is the most important pathological characteristics affecting the prognosis after radical treatment and correlated with pathological stage.

Introduction: Levofloxacin is widely used antibiotic for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. A number of recent studies suggest the possibility of reducing the duration of treatment by increasing the daily dose of the drug.

The phosphodiesterase inhibitors are first-line treatment for the most types of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil citrate is the first and the most studied member inhibitors. However, research on the effectiveness and safety of sildenafil in separate groups of patients and continuing to this day. Such high interest to this drug caused by large heterogeneity of patients population taking sildenafil.

Introduction: It has been found that the leading pathophysiological mechanism of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is a violation of the endothelial function of cavernous arteries. Given the central role of endothelial function in arteriogenic ED and often subjective indicators of endothelial function caused by, resulting from the postcompressive ultrasonic measurement technique requires a more precise and perfect.

The inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (iPDE-5) are today the first line agents for the therapy of the erectile dysfunction (ED). The data regarding their effect on the male fertility is controversial.