Purpose. Evaluate the clinical results of treating patients with localized prostate cancer after low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. Determine the significance of prognostic factors affecting biochemical free survival.

Materials and methods. 290 patients with low and intermediate risks prostate cancer were given LDR brachytherapy as monotherapy. The patient recruitment period from 2010 to 2017 y. Biochemical relapse was determined according to Phoenix criteria (PSA nadir + 2 ng / ml).

Results. The observation period was from 12 to 96 months. Overall survival in the group was 98.6%. Overall biochemical free survival was 91.4%, with a median follow-up of 42 months. In the low and intermediate progression risk groups, PSA-specific survival was 98.3% and 86.5%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the risk of recurrence and the presence of perineural tumor invasion (p = 0.028).

Early genitourinary toxic reactions of 2 and 3 degrees were noted in 17.8% and 1.7% of cases. Late genitourinary toxic reactions of 2 and 3 degrees were noted in 10.5% and 1.7%. Early gastrointestinal toxic reactions of the 1 st and 2 nd degree were noted in 29.4% and 2.1% of the observations. Late gastrointestinal complications were extremely rare.

Authors declare lack of the possible conflicts of interests.