In a review from the gender point of view modern epidemiological features and pathophysiological mechanisms night urination (nocturia), based on results of modern researches in the field and own clinical data are considered. Results of epidemiological researches show that nocturia is the universal age phenomenon deprived of gender colouring, and not just a symptom, characteristic for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Intime pathogenetic communication of nocturia with age gormonal-metabolic disorders leading to occurrence night polyuria and decrease of bladder reserve capacity as two cardinal nocturia factors at both sexes is shown. Besides, the third pathogenic factor of nocturia, characteristic only for men - obstructive night urination which is gender nocturia specificity at men is described. e idea that nocturia at both sexes, along with erectile dysfunction at men is an early urological marker of disorders of functions of gormonal-dependent structures of kidneys and the low urinary tract, associated with the age and age-associated diseases is come up. Pathophysiological basis of nocturia at both sexes is gormonal-dependent endothelian dysfunction amazing terminal nervouslymuscular elements of urogenital tract much earlier, than traditional cardiological symptoms. Therefore the insistent requirement of modern medicine is active early revealing of nocturia, and at its presence the complex diagnostics, allowing to be guided by pathogenetic treatment of disease is necessary, an early which clinical marker is night urination.