Introduction: The evaluation of the possible use a multicomponent graft with allogeneic cells to replace a defect in the bladder wall under experimental conditions.

Materials and methods: The rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated and cultured according to the standard method. A multicomponent composite based on a polylactide matrix was colonized by allogeneic cells and transplanted in vivo to a model of a partial resection of a rabbit bladder.

Results: Full bladder with normal capacity is visible on a series of MRI images after 2.5 months. The guiding artifact from the iron-containing labels introduced into the cells is visualized at the implantation site. Labeled cells taking part in the formation of a structure similar to urothelium are identified at the site of implantation using confocal microscopy of cryosections.

Conclusions: The experiment shows again the need for further research in the field of bladder wall reconstruction. The development of methods for creating a multicomponent graft using allogeneic cells can help improve the treatment results for pathologies where impossible to obtain autologous material. The recent results, although encouraging, require more detailed study.