Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases. Urolithiasisis a polyetetic disease (congenital and acquired nature)with complex physico-chemical processes occurring not only in the urinary system, but also in the whole body. Issues of etiology and pathogenesis of stone formation not fully explored despite clear success in the study of urolithiasis.

Urolithiasis department of N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health ofRussian Federation established in 1985. Urolithiasis department leads the study of the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis.

Department staff formed the database containing information about mineral composition of urinary stones of urolithiasis patients. Studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of obesity and related metabolic lithogenic factors in urolithiasis patients on the stone formation. The influence of urolithiasis metabolic risk factors, such as calciuria and uriuria on the formation of urinary stones was studied. The association of urolithiasis candidate genes polymorphisms with various forms of kidney stone disease and the nature of its clinical course is investigated. An online questionnaire has been developed to determine the nutritional status of urolithiasis patients.

Work done allows you to take a broaderlook at the urolithiasis etiology and pathogenesis and to introduce into practice new methods of diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis

Authors declare lack of the possible conflicts of interests.