After graduation from high school, in case of successful University Entrance Examination, individuals can be accepted by a medical university, which takes 6 years. This six yeareducation is divided into three stages: the first 2 pre-clinical years, followed by 3 clinical years and the final year, which is an internship or practice year in a hospital. After completion of education in faculty of medicine, to become a urology resident in Turkey you should take a very difficult examination, named Medical Residency Examination (TUS). Urological training lasts for five years. During this period resident performs most of common diagnostic and treatment procedures and independently performs many surgical interventions. A resident visits other national or international urology clinics or participate in resident exchange programs between national clinics to improve surgical skills and knowledge at least once in five years of urology training. Turkish urological residents can get a salary up to 2000 Euro and spend over 350 hours at work per month. In Turkey when you finish the residency, you must go directly to obligatory service for 300-600 days to any place you have been needed. Turkish analogue of European Society of Residents in Urology (Turkey ESRU) is a well-organized national formation, representing residents and junior specialists in Turkey, and providing broad-based nationwide research activities. supporting and setting standards for urology training in Turkey, being in close relationship with Turkish Association of Urology and ESRU.