UROLITHIASIS

The article describes the clinical case of percutaneous nephrolithotomy of the sutures calculus and removal of ligatures from the region of pyeloureteroanastomosis in a patient with a transplanted kidney. The patient in 2010 underwent an intervention in the volume of an anastomosis of the renal transplant with the ipsilateral native ureter for the stricture of the donor ureter in the lower third. The transplant graft was a random finding during the ultrasound in 2017. Despite the pronounced retention of the upper urinary tract, there was no dysfunction of the transplanted kidney.

The review is devoted to the analysis of modern literature on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis are presented, which indicate a more frequent development of urolithiasis in people with metabolic syndrome. This reveals the relationship between the incidence of urolithiasis and the severity of the metabolic syndrome: with an increase in the number of components of the metabolic syndrome, the incidence of urolithiasis increases.

Introduction. According to the clinical recommendations of the Russian society of urologists and of the European and American urological associations, it was determined that the therapy aimed at removal of urinary stones combined with application of alpha-blockers during or immediately after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) promotes the significant increase of the level of spontaneous concrement elimination, compared to ESWL monotherapy in patients with urolithiasis.

Introduction. Staghorn stones have a special growth pattern, in which the processes of the calculus gradually fill the internal cavities of the calyceal system of the kidney, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the function of this organ. Like other urinary stones, staghorn stones are characterized by epitaxial growth, in which one crystal layer is formed on top of the other one. The study of the metabolic bases of lithogenesis of these stones can be important for the search for new methods of antirecurrent treatment.

Elevated excretion of inorganic phosphates (more than 33.6 mmol/ day) and magnesium (more than 5.1 mmol/ day) increased the risk of oxalate stone formation in patients with urolithiasis (200 males and 237 females, aged from 16 to 75). Phosphaturia and magnesiumuria were accompanied by the rise in the level of calcium and uric acid excretion and the increase in urine acidity, which, presumably, are the additional factors, which promote oxalate lithogenesis.

We have examined mineral composition of 437 urinary con-crements obtained from 200 men and 237 women. The levels of daily urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid were also analyzed. We have shown that the increase of calcium excretion (more than 6.6 mmol per day) increases the incidence of oxalate stone formation. In this case, the relative risk index was 1.76, in comparison with patients, whose level of calcium excretion was less than 2.6 mmol per day (-p=0. 0018)

Introduction. Recently, the inexorable rise in the incidence of urolithiasis was recorded. Nowadays, detection of the causes of kidney stone formation and reduction in the number of recurring stones is possible with the help of chemical analysis of kidney stone composition and examination of biochemical parameters of blood and urine. It is also important to evaluate patient’s eating patterns as well. Interviewing of the group of interest using questionnaire surveys is one of the most effective and popular ways of eating patterns evaluation.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches to metaphylaxis of uric acid urolithiasis.

Introduction. Detection of the dependence of the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) effectiveness on urinary stone composition is the goal of this study.

Materials and methods. In the Izmirlian MC, during the period from 2005 to 2013 one hundred thirty-eight patients’ stone fragments with urolithiasis have been studied aer the ESWL.

In this review we analyze the role of exogenic and endogenic risk factors of nephrolithiasis and their link to dysfunction of renal tubules and discuss cell membrane pathology, lipid peroxidation, ischemia and hypoxia of the kidneys, as well as hormonal balance and renal innervation with regard to urine lithogenic properties.