UROLITHIASIS

Actuality: staghorn urolithiasis is a heavy disease, taking one of the leading places among the urogenital pathology. Selecting the least traumatic intervention in those patients is one of the complex tasks in the urological practice. 

Aim: to evaluate the role of the retrograde nephrolithotripsy for the patients with staghorn nephrolithiasis. 

The mineral composition of the 437 urinary stones was studied in 437 patients with urolithiasis aged from 16 to 75 years, which have been treated in the National Scientific Urological Institute. Body-mass index (BMI), blood biochemistry panel and biochemistry of 24-hour urine probe were evaluated in all patients. Quartile analysis of the data was done according to the BMI distribution. Lower quartile was represented by BMI values < 24.1 kg/m2 (n=99), upper quartile by BMI values > 33.1 kg/m2 (n=99).

Hypercalciuria is the main lithogenic metabolic disorders in patients with calcium urolithiasis. This metabolic sign could be seen most often with other metabolic risk factors of urolithiasis (hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hypomagniuria). Pathogenetic mechanisms of hypercalciuria development are manifold, which provide basis for different forms of hypercalciuria. 

Aim of the study: to investigate the effect of phytomedicine Canephron® N on the outcomes of the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). 

Thirty-four patients with the urate urolithiasis were on the follow-up during 3-6 years: 16 women and 18 men, with age range 31-66 years. In 31 case urolithiasis was recurrent. Three patients were diagnosed with the diabetes mellitus. Function of the kidneys and liver was normal according to the biochemical investigations.

Study purpose: to establish the relationship of hematuria inurolithiasisafter LT on individual platelet reactivity. 

We have examined 2 group of patients, overall 137 patients, with the age range 21-74 years, 76 female and 61 male patients. Urate stones were present in 49 patients, calcium oxalate (CaOx) and mixed with prevalence of CaOx in 88 patients. Recurrent urolithiasis was diagnosed in 135 patients. Long-term surveillance (2-15 years) was the case in 93 patients. The following investigations were carried out in patients: anamnesis, urinalysis, serum and urine biochemical panel (14 parameters), analysis of the stone composition.

Urolithiasis is one of the actual problems of the routine urological practice, given the high prevalence and high recurrence rates. In the urological clinics the patients with urolithiasis make up approximately 40% of the contingent. Majority of them are in the most productive age of 30-50 years old. Nearly 30% of the stones have infectious genesis, caused by the production of urease, changes in the urine pH, biofilm formation and followed by the precipitation of the salts. Bacterial colonies form the organic matrices, serving as the core for the stone formation and growth.

We have investigated the crystalforming activity of the urine in 111 patients (age 23-67 years) with oxalate urolithiasis, among them – 68 patients with non-recurrent form (39 male and 29 female patients) and 43 patients with recurrent form (27 men and 16 women). Eighty-six healthy patients without urological diseases were used as control (38 male and 48 female patients) with the age 21-62 years.

We have investigated the relationship between unilateral and bilateral urolithiasis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in known urolithiasis-related genes in Russian population. Overall, 115 adult patients from the Central Russia – 71 male patients (61.7%) and 44 female patients (38.3%) were included as study group, and 188 healthy adults as control group (from the corresponding region). The mean age of the study group patients was 44.5±14 years. Among the patients of study group 41 had unilateral and 74 bilateral urolithiasis.