UROLITHIASIS

We have examined 2 group of patients, overall 137 patients, with the age range 21-74 years, 76 female and 61 male patients. Urate stones were present in 49 patients, calcium oxalate (CaOx) and mixed with prevalence of CaOx in 88 patients. Recurrent urolithiasis was diagnosed in 135 patients. Long-term surveillance (2-15 years) was the case in 93 patients. The following investigations were carried out in patients: anamnesis, urinalysis, serum and urine biochemical panel (14 parameters), analysis of the stone composition.

Urolithiasis is one of the actual problems of the routine urological practice, given the high prevalence and high recurrence rates. In the urological clinics the patients with urolithiasis make up approximately 40% of the contingent. Majority of them are in the most productive age of 30-50 years old. Nearly 30% of the stones have infectious genesis, caused by the production of urease, changes in the urine pH, biofilm formation and followed by the precipitation of the salts. Bacterial colonies form the organic matrices, serving as the core for the stone formation and growth.

We have investigated the crystalforming activity of the urine in 111 patients (age 23-67 years) with oxalate urolithiasis, among them – 68 patients with non-recurrent form (39 male and 29 female patients) and 43 patients with recurrent form (27 men and 16 women). Eighty-six healthy patients without urological diseases were used as control (38 male and 48 female patients) with the age 21-62 years.

We have investigated the relationship between unilateral and bilateral urolithiasis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in known urolithiasis-related genes in Russian population. Overall, 115 adult patients from the Central Russia – 71 male patients (61.7%) and 44 female patients (38.3%) were included as study group, and 188 healthy adults as control group (from the corresponding region). The mean age of the study group patients was 44.5±14 years. Among the patients of study group 41 had unilateral and 74 bilateral urolithiasis.

We have investigated the chemical composition of 5 669 urinary stones in 2 413 male and 2 429 female patients with urolithiasis with the age of 16 to 74 years, which were treated in the Federal State Scientific Institute of Urology and City Hospital 47 in a period from 2010 to 2013. Inhabitants of Moscow accounted for 61.5% of cases, inhabitants of Moscow region – for 15.5% and patients from other regions – for 23.0% of cases. Comparative analysis was carried out with regard to the chemical composition of the stones in the preceding period (1985-2009).

The investigations of the last years have revealed a connection between the urolithiasis (UL) and metabolic syndrome (MS), which represents a complex of interconnected metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.

In this study we have evaluated the link between the urolithiasis and burdened familial history and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the candidate genes without familial anamnesis. We have investigated 125 adult patients with urolithiasis (main study group) from Central Russia and 188 healthy adults from the same region (control group).

Problems of the surgical treatment in patients with multiple diseases are discussed for more than half of a century. Besides the minimal invasiveness and rapid rehabilitation of the patients, laparoscopy has one more advantage to denote – the ability to conduct the simultaneous operations, i.e. operations aimed at the correction of the diseases of 2 or more organs at the same time. Given the proper selection of the operation type and patients, the efficacy of the simultaneous operations is beyond any doubts.

The performance only conservative measures as the strengthening of fluid intake regimen for patients with urolithiasis and preurolithiasis insufficient in the regions with high continental, dry climate and with long seasons of high insolation. This condition demands the additional stimulation of diuresis. Phytodrugs are able to effort the influence to diuresis and urinary factors of lithogenesis.

The aim. Study for hypertension in patients urolithiasis. To find out details of the preparation of patients with hypertension to the surgical treatment. Materials and methods. Selected for the study with concomitant hypertension 589 male patients with urolithiasis (group I). The control group formed by the inclusion of 50 men with urolithiasis and hypertension, taken at an emergency surgery.