UROLITHIASIS

In this study we have investigated 54 patients with urolithiasis, 21 female and 33 male patients with the age range of 21-74 year. Sixteen women had calcium-oxalate stones, five – mixed stones with calcium-phosphate component – carbonapathite. Twenty five male patients had calcium-oxalate stones, eight – mixed with the presence of carbonapathite.

The frequency of the urolithiasis in the world according to some cross-sectional studies stays at the level of 3.5-9.6%. In the last 10 years the urolithiasis in many countries shows a tendency for growth. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a pathologic complex of the symptoms, which includes different metabolic and hormonal disturbances. The frequency of the MS in the population is rather high, and according to scientific data is at the level of 14-39%. Recently it was supposed, that urolithiasis and MS share common entities.

Objective. Systematization of complications of endoscopic surgery for nephrolithiasis due to improved Clavien-Dindo classification.

Materials and methods. Retrospectively reviewed the records of 1027 patients with upper urinary tract stones. Endoscopic procedures were performed by the standard technique, percutaneous intervention with the patient on his abdomen in 948 cases. In 79 patients stones were removed transurethrally. Pneumatic lithotripsy was perfromed.

The social significance of urolithiasis in recent years, finds a new urgency to the global changes in the health of the world population. Tendency of progressive increase in the prevalence of the urolithiasis is obvious, which requires the development of highly efficient methods of prevention and minimally invasive methods of treatment. In recent years there has been a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the urolithiasis due to principles of evidence based medicine.

Urolithiasis takes one of the first plac¬es in the structure of urological diseas¬es. Kidney and urinary tract stones are detected in 30-45% of patients admit¬ted to urological hospitals.

At present time true reasons of calculi formation in kidneys and salivary glands are unknown. Pathogenic calculi formation in these organs could be consequences for example of mineral and ferment metabolism failures or influence of different external factors. The purpose of this investigation: to study of the frequency and combinations of urolithiasis and sialic lithiasis and compare of the mineral composition of sialic and renal calculi. 84 patients with sialic lithiasis and 50 patients with urolithiasis were examined.

Article is dedicated to outpatient management of adults and children with urolithiasis. We have developed standards of equipment and recomendations of outpatient clinics managing urolithiasis based on our own long-term clinical experience analysis and international publications. Suggested protocol corresponds to basic aspects of diagnostic and treatment of patients with utolithiasis in outpatient conditions. Diagnostic and therapy procedures are divided into obligate and additional, used in children, young patients and in complicated patients.

Introduction. Urolithiasis incidence varies greatly in different countries (1-5% in Asia, 5-9% in Europe, 13% in Nothern America, up to 20% in Saudi Arabia). Nevertheless epidemiological researches in 10 countries showed similarity in metabolic types of lithiasis structure. Materials and methods. Chemical compound of 1719 calculi was analyzed.