Корякин А.В.

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed oncological disease in men in Russia. In the early stages of localized low- and intermediate risk PCa, radical prostatectomy or various methods of radiation therapy are performed, both approaches demonstrate similar oncological results. The number of cases of PCa at a younger age is increasing, which makes functional outcomes increasingly relevant issues when choosing a treatment approach, in particular, preserving erectile function, and according to some data, fertility.

Purpose of the study: To improve the results of treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer using the 125I brachytherapy by means of individual prediction of relapse-free survival of patients after implantation.

Materials and methods. The study included 123 patients with low and intermediate risk clinically localized prostate cancer who were implanted with 125I radioactive micro sources in the period from 2000 to 2013. The main evaluation criterion was 5-year biochemical disease free survival bDFS.

Introduction. Today, the problem of screening for prostate cancer is not completely solved. Scientific experiments have not allowed to formulate a general concept due to the fact that the screening procedure is accompanied with such factors as hyperdiagnostics, hypertreatment and high economic losses.

The guidelines for treatment of prostate cancer using the low-dosage permanent tissue radiation therapy (brachytherapy) approved during the expert meeting of the Russian Brachy-therapeutic Society on 4th October 2014 are presented in this article. The references are given to the guidelines for the technology of prostate brachytherapy from years 2006, 2009 and 2010. The questions of the diagnostics and patient selection for brachytherapy are discussed, indications and contraindications are defined for the brachytherapy.

Economical efficacy of the prostate cancer screening in the Russian Federation was estimated using the modeling of three healthcare systems based on the official statistical data and the modern evidence from the major publications.

Aim of the study. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgical treatments (cryoablation) of kidney tumors in patients at high surgical risk.

Materials and methods. In the period from March 2010 to October 2013 twelve patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (clinical stage I) underwent cryoablation. The age of patients ranged from 26 to 82 years (median 57 years). Median follow up was 19 months (minimum of 1 month and a maximum of 36 months).

Materials and Methods. The analysis included 117 patients who meet the following criteria: disease stage T1-T2c, low or intermediate risk of disease (criteria D`Amico), follow-up period of 5 years or more, and performed PDA, which was carried out based on the day 30 CT data. According to the results of PDA patients were divided into 2 groups: group I figure D90 was ≥140 Gray, group II < 140 Gray. Biochemical failure was defined by ASTRO.

Increasing the dose proved to be effective (fewer biochemical recurrence) in external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Underway attempts to extrapolate this relationship to permanent (low-dose) brachytherapy, although the validity of this extrapolation is still in question. In contrast to external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy requires the implementation of quality control manipulations based от visualization of actual (rather than planned) source distribution within the prostate and calculation of the actual radiation dose.

One of the biggest problems in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), which distinguishes it from many other solid tumors, is the difficulty of visualization of the tumor process by using modern methods of radiation diagnosis.