Ефремов Г.Д.

Introduction. Literature data and our own research indicate that therapy with immature cell secretion products (secretome) has a pronounced nephroprotective effect both in acute kidney injury and in chronic renal failure (CRF).

Introduction. Bladdercancer (BC) represents one of the most frequent disease in the structure of morbidity and mortality among malignant neoplasms in human. At the moment, there is a large amount of experimental data about the molecular genetic alterations those occurring in carcinogenesis of BC, but only a few of them are considered as potential predictors of the response to therapy, suitable for using in clinical practice. Many studies underlying BC is a genetically heterogeneous disease.

Contacts: Kirpatovskiy Vladimir Igorevich, vladkirp@yandex.ru

Relevance. PCA3 demonstrated a high diagnostic value in relation to prostate cancer. The few studies of clinical and cost-effectiveness of PCA3 dedicated to costly test "Progensa". Economic aspects of the use of other methods of assessment of PCA3 expression has not been studied. 

More than 13 thousand cases of bladder cancer are registered in Russia annually that represents an actual problem in modern urologic oncology. Searching and characterization of new molecular markers of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC – 80% of bladder cancer cases), identified in tumor cells from urine sediment are needed. We have provided complex analysis of mutations in the key oncogenes of NMIBC using PCR and subsequent sequencing of exons 7 and 10 of the gene FGFR3, exons 9 and 20 of the gene PIK3CA.

Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of the prostate cancer (PCa) is a carcinoma of prostate containing neuroendocrine (NE) component. According to evidence, NED is present in approximately 40% of cases; sole NE prostate cancer is a case in 0.5-2% of patients. The most reliable marker for NED to time is Chromogranin A (ChA). 

Over the past 20 years a large number of prostate cancer (PCa) markers have been proposed. A combination of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG is among them. The real-time RT-PCRbased method for РСА3 and TMPRSS2-ERG determination in urine and prostate tissue is being developed at Russian Scientific-research Institute of Urology. Purposely to assessment of its diagnostic value, two independent samples of prostate tissue (n=78) and urine (n=56) specimens were investigated. The blood level of PSA, pathomorphological findings, PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG urinary and tissue expression were assessed.

More than 20-years experience of PSA use for PCa screening has lead to a life expectancy growth and reduction of mortality in PCa patients.

The pathogenetic importance of chronic ischemia of the pelvic organs in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and concurrent bladder dysfunction was investigated in chronic experiments on 18 male rats. Chronic ischemia was induced by the contraction of the inferior vena cava (1st series). In the second series BPH was induced with the use of androgen therapy (once a week Sustanon for 1 month). Intact rats were used as controls. In both series the development of BPH was evident.

The most informative immunological analysis to reveal neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer diagnostics is evaluation of Chromogranin A (ChA) level. Rhe value of ChA in the diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa) is studied since years. The evidence is controversial with regard to some aspects. But nevertheless most authors consider this analysis as valuable in terms of NED identification in patients with diagnosis of PCa. NED presence in these cases could be the sign of more aggressive disease.