UROLITHIASIS

Introduction. Urolithiasis remains one of the major causes of hospitalization in urological departments. The development of endoscopic and minimally invasive technologies has expanded surgical treatment options for large, multiple and staghorn calculi of the upper urinary tract. Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy is considered an effective approach for kidney stone removal, particularly in patients with calculi larger than 10 mm, when direct percutaneous access to the collecting system is required.

Introduction. Severe acute pyelonephritis (SAP) is frequently complicated by systemic infection and carries a considerable risk of in-hospital death. Robust prognostic markers and early risk stratification tools are urgently needed.

Objective. To identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in SAP, estimate survival using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and develop an out-come-prediction model based on neural-network logistic analysis.

Introduction. The incidence of urolithiasis associated with impaired bone density is increasing in Russia. Computed tomography (CT) is used to diagnose urolithiasis but does not routinely allow direct assessment of bone mineral density. A method of asynchronous quantitative computed tomography with phantom has been proposed, which enables automated assessment.

Objective. To evaluate the bone mineral density of vertebral bodies in patients with urolithiasis using computed tomography data.

Introduction. Staghorn and complex kidney stones are a serious problem in urology, requiring a balance between efficacy and safety when choosing optimal surgery.

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous laser nephrolithotripsy (mini-PNL) in combination with additional endoscopic intrarenal techniques for staghorn and complex kidney stones.

Introduction. The role of magnesiuria as a metabolic factor in the lithogenesis of both calcium stones and separately oxalate and phosphate urinary stones, as well as stones of other metabolic types, remains unclear. In this work, we investigated the effect of the degree of magnesium excretion in men and women with urolithiasis on metabolic parameters and the frequency of detection of urinary stones of various chemical compositions.

Introduction. The lithogenesis of calcium oxalate stones largely depends on specific metabolic disturbances, which develop under the influence of various endogenous, exogenous, and social factors. To prevent recurrence of the disease, according to the Russian Ministry of Health's clinical guidelines for «Urolithiasis», it is necessary to focus on the levels of lithogenic substances in the blood and daily urine. However, these standard values considered without taking into account their potential to cause the development of urinary stones of a specific chemical composition. Determining such laboratory criteria may help clinicians more reliably prevent the development of urolithiasis.

Introduction. Urolithiasis remains one of the most socially and economically significant urological conditions. Calculi may form in one or both kidneys simultaneously. The true global incidence of bilateral nephrolithiasis remains unknown, with its prevalence estimated at 12–26%. In clinical practice, bilateral nephrolithiasis is relatively common and presents challenges regarding the optimal surgical strategy and treatment stages for this patient cohort.

Introduction. Ureteroscopy is the primary treatment modality for patients with ureteral stones. Despite its high efficacy, this intervention can be associated with severe complications, among which ureteral avulsion is considered one of the most serious. An even rarer complication is mucosal avulsion, with only isolated cases reported in the literature.

Лечение и профилактика мочекаменной болезни (далее МКБ) являются одними из актуальных и социальнозначимых проблем современной медицины. МКБ – метаболическое заболевание, имеющее выраженную тенденцию к росту распространенности в связи с изменениями характера и качества питания, увеличением числа неблагоприятных экологических, социальных и наследственных факторов. Распространенность МКБ варьирует от 2 до 20% в разных регионах мира с общей тенденцией к увеличению. В России отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости МКБ, в среднем составляющий 2–3% в год.

Advisory board was held in Moscow оn October 30, 2024, dedicated to the problem of preventing relapses (metaphylaxis) of urolithiasis. The next questions were discussed during the meeting: the cost-effectiveness of urolithiasis metaphylaxis in the Russian Federation, what kind of patients and in what cases it is indicated, what parameters should be used to select a remedy for urolithiasis metaphylaxis.