UROLITHIASIS

Introduction. The role of magnesiuria as a metabolic factor in the lithogenesis of both calcium stones and separately oxalate and phosphate urinary stones, as well as stones of other metabolic types, remains unclear. In this work, we investigated the effect of the degree of magnesium excretion in men and women with urolithiasis on metabolic parameters and the frequency of detection of urinary stones of various chemical compositions.

Introduction. The lithogenesis of calcium oxalate stones largely depends on specific metabolic disturbances, which develop under the influence of various endogenous, exogenous, and social factors. To prevent recurrence of the disease, according to the Russian Ministry of Health's clinical guidelines for «Urolithiasis», it is necessary to focus on the levels of lithogenic substances in the blood and daily urine. However, these standard values considered without taking into account their potential to cause the development of urinary stones of a specific chemical composition. Determining such laboratory criteria may help clinicians more reliably prevent the development of urolithiasis.

Introduction. Urolithiasis remains one of the most socially and economically significant urological conditions. Calculi may form in one or both kidneys simultaneously. The true global incidence of bilateral nephrolithiasis remains unknown, with its prevalence estimated at 12–26%. In clinical practice, bilateral nephrolithiasis is relatively common and presents challenges regarding the optimal surgical strategy and treatment stages for this patient cohort.

Introduction. Ureteroscopy is the primary treatment modality for patients with ureteral stones. Despite its high efficacy, this intervention can be associated with severe complications, among which ureteral avulsion is considered one of the most serious. An even rarer complication is mucosal avulsion, with only isolated cases reported in the literature.

Лечение и профилактика мочекаменной болезни (далее МКБ) являются одними из актуальных и социальнозначимых проблем современной медицины. МКБ – метаболическое заболевание, имеющее выраженную тенденцию к росту распространенности в связи с изменениями характера и качества питания, увеличением числа неблагоприятных экологических, социальных и наследственных факторов. Распространенность МКБ варьирует от 2 до 20% в разных регионах мира с общей тенденцией к увеличению. В России отмечается неуклонный рост заболеваемости МКБ, в среднем составляющий 2–3% в год.

Advisory board was held in Moscow оn October 30, 2024, dedicated to the problem of preventing relapses (metaphylaxis) of urolithiasis. The next questions were discussed during the meeting: the cost-effectiveness of urolithiasis metaphylaxis in the Russian Federation, what kind of patients and in what cases it is indicated, what parameters should be used to select a remedy for urolithiasis metaphylaxis.

Introduction. The role of hyperphosphaturia in calcium phosphate stones formation, including gender-specific features of its lithogenic properties in male and female patients, is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of varying degrees of phosphaturia in stone formers men and women on metabolic parameters and the urinary stones frequency.

Introduction. The variety of etiopathogenesis of urolithiasis and the presence of various concomitant pathologies in patients with urinary tract stones requires an individual approach to their treatment.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment results was performed in 208 patients, 124 (59,6%) men and 84 (40,4%) women, aged 19 to 84 years (average age – 53,5±14,6 years), who were operated for nephrolithiasis. Demographic data, comorbid background of patients, therapeutic tactics and treatment results are analyzed.

Introduction. Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease affecting all population groups. The incidence of urolithiasis in different countries varies from 1,7 to 14,8%. The risk of developing urolithiasis depends on age, gender, race, geographic location and hereditary predisposition, while 40-50% of patients have a burdened family history, so the search for genetic markers associated with urolithiasis is relevant.

Introduction. Urolithiasis is a disease whose etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. However, studies of recent decades indicate the presence of an organic matrix in the composition of all urinary stone.

Materials and methods. A white substance of the consistency of «soft plasticine» was extracted from the pelvis of the right kidney. The sample was examined for elementary composition, molecular weight characteristics and structure.