ONCOUROLOGY

Renal cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors, the most common of which is the clear cell carcinoma, less common papillary and chromophobe carcinomas. Pathological examination faces difficulties in the differential diagnosis of malignant chromophobe carcinoma and benign oncocytomas, and between types I and II papillary renal carcinoma. However, the precise verification of these types of tumors is required for an adequate prognosis and treatment planning.

Patient with low-risk prostate cancer who previously had to choose between radical treatment and active surveillance may have a new treatment. The study of prostate cancer, technological advances in imaging and biopsy tools offer novel approaches to focal therapy. Focal therapy for prostate cancer eradicating the known and targeted cancer while sparing unaffected tissue and reducing the morbidity of treatment. Focal cryoablation of the prostate can selectively destroy tumor and preserve organ function without reducing quality of life of the patient.

Even when a fact is considered, that a standard method of the treatment of the localized prostate cancer for cT1a-T2b patients is traditional open radical prostatectomy, this operation is often performed using laparoscopic or extraperitoneal access.

This article is a review of the last randomized trials, devoted to the assessment and standardization of the neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation models in combination with the external radiation therapy. The patients with the low risk of progression are characterized as prognosisperspective independent of the type of the hormonal/radiation therapy. Intermediate and high risk patients are the group, that needs more strict risk stratification.

Increasing the dose proved to be effective (fewer biochemical recurrence) in external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Underway attempts to extrapolate this relationship to permanent (low-dose) brachytherapy, although the validity of this extrapolation is still in question. In contrast to external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy requires the implementation of quality control manipulations based от visualization of actual (rather than planned) source distribution within the prostate and calculation of the actual radiation dose.

Introduction & Objectives: There is a great number of patients who have an indications for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy are on chronic treatment with low-dose aspirin for different cardiovascular disease. The aim is to determine safety of prostate biopsy performance in patients receiving low-dose aspirin (75-100mg) without interruption before and after prostate biopsy procedure.

Introduction: Watertightness of UVA is still most challenging stage of LRP. Fail to provide full watertightness may provide urinary leakage, prolonged urethral catheterization, long hospitalization and result in incontinence and/or stricture of UVA. Usually lapsurgeons use one of techniques: interrupted or continuous.

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate benefits of new technique of UVA perfomance

Ultrastructural studies have shown a wide morphological diversity of neuroendocrine cells (NEC), which is correlated with a large number of known secreted into the blood substances, including neuron-spesific enolase, chromogranin A (СgA), chromogranin B, bombesin, serotonin, somatostatin, thyroid-stimulating hormone like peptide, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, calcitonin. It is believed that the NEC in varying amounts are always present in prostate cancer (PC).

At present time the issue of early detection of prostate cancer (CaP) becomes more and more actual. CaP has a very high morbidity and mortality rate increase temp, which is connected with disease late detection and as a result big quantity of patients with advanced and disseminated forms of cancer.

PSA test made a revolution in regard of increase of CaP detection on early curable stages.

However at present time there are convincing proofs of insufficient diagnostic value of PSA marker

FDA had approved method Hybritech “Total PSA” for monitoring prostate cancer in 1986. In 1994 this method was approved by FDA for early diagnostics of prostate cancer. Later the most of manufacturers of alternative test- systems used method Hybritech “Total PSA”, including the internal standard Hybritech, as the reference, often without performing fullscale researches on definition of clinically significant PSA levels.