Introduction. Urolithiasis incidence varies greatly in different countries (1-5% in Asia, 5-9% in Europe, 13% in Nothern America, up to 20% in Saudi Arabia). Nevertheless epidemiological researches in 10 countries showed similarity in metabolic types of lithiasis structure. Materials and methods. Chemical compound of 1719 calculi was analyzed. All calculi were removed surgically, fragmented by extracorporal shock-wave lithotripsy or came out by themselves in patients with urolithiasis managed in Scientisic Research Institute of Urology, Russian Healthcare Department in a period of 1990 2000. Mineral compound of calculi was identified with modified Hitachi 270-30 spectrophotometer. Received data was analyzed and compared with data of calculi chemical compound of foregoing 5 years (1984

Results. It was shown that oxalate lithiasis remains predominant mineralogical type in Moscow region in a period of 1980 2000. Oxalate lithiasis incidence increased from 45.4% to 63.4% (P<0.001) for last decade. It corresponds the tendency of lithiasis, presented majorly by calcium oxalate, incidence increase in many countries of the world. On the contrary the contribution of phosphate calculi decreased in almost 2 times from 39.0% to 20.4% (P<0.0001), that could be connected with more effective anti-inflammatory therapy in phosphate calculi patient introduction. Urate calculi incidence remains on the same level during last 15 years and it amounts nearly 15%. Data received is useful for epidemiological interests either for practical urologists, and gives a possibility to explore tendency of different metabolic types of lithiasis in Moscow region.