Chemical compound of 4217 calculi was analyzed. All calculi were removed surgically, fragmented by extracorporal shock-wave lithotripsy or came out by themselves in patients with urolithiasis managed in Scientific Research Institute of Urology, Russian Healthcare Department in a period of 2005 2009 (males and females age ranged 16 77). The comparative analysis of foregoing decade (1990-2000) data on calculi chemical compound was made. It was shown that oxalate lithiasis remains predominant mineralogical type in Moscow region in a period of 2005-2009. Its prevalence remains almost on the same level for last 20 years and approximately equal to 63-65%. It corresponds to world spread tendency of oxalate lithiasis prevalence growth in Western Europe countries and USA in recent years.

Urate lithiasis prevalence remains on the same level for last twenty years and approximately equal to 15%. Phosphate calculi prevalence in Moscow region for 2005 2009 period in females is 24.8% and remains higher than in males, that corresponds to researches made in 1990 2000s. Data received is useful for epidemiological interests either for practical urologists and allows stating certain stabilization in occurrence rates of urolithiasis metabolic types in Moscow region population for last five years.