ONCOUROLOGY

Introduction. Kidney transplantation is the most effective method of treating patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. Recipients of donor kidneys have a significantly increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma of the graft, while its surgical treatment is very difficult due to the pronounced differences in the anatomy of the transplant from native kidneys.

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases, the tactics of its treatment directly depends on the stage. According to statistics, prostate cancer (prostate cancer) accounts for more than 1.4 million new cases annually. The «gold» standard at the moment for localized prostate cancer is surgical intervention in the volume of radical robot-assisted prostatectomy.

Introduction. Lapraroscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is gaining increasing popularity, and therefore it is of interest to adapt its techniques and capabilities for the treatment of patients with «complex» kidney tumors.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the technical regulations for performing LPN with renal hilar tumors.

Introduction. The presence of a positive surgical margin (PSM) in a specific group of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) remains an important and unresolved issue, affecting cancer-specific survival and progression-free survival.

The aim. To highlight the current state of the problem and available methods to reduce the risk of PSM occurrence.

Introduction. In the era of digital progress and the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the potential application of chatbots in various fields, including medicine, has gained significant attention. With the global accessibility of the internet and the growing popularity of such services, there is an increasing need to evaluate the reliability and quality of the data generated, particularly concerning malignant neoplasms.

Introduction. To assess the prospects of using artificial intelligence (AI) for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) and to evaluate the impact of AI on treatment efficacy.

Materials and Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted using scientific databases based on key queries related to AI and PCa. Studies from the last 10 years were included.

Introduction. To compare oncological efficacy of long-term follow-up of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) and radical prostatectomy (RP) in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer.

Over the past few years, radiation methods of treating prostate cancer have taken the first place in the level of recommendation in foreign oncourological practice. Stereotactic radiation therapy (STRT) is one of the most promising and high-tech methods of remote irradiation of prostate cancer. The STRT protocol was developed and introduced into clinical practice in the radiotherapy department of the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. The use of selective highly effective antiandrogen drugs in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) gradually leads to cellular transformation.

Objective. To study current concepts of the prevalence of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in patients with CRPC, as well as the treatment of this aggressive variant of PCa.

Introduction. The interaction of the tumor stroma and parenchyma with epithelial cells of bladder cancer (BCa) plays a crucial role in the course and progression of the disease. However, currently, there are no clearly defined markers reflecting the tumor microenvironment, which hinders the assessment of their impact on the course of BCa.

Objective. To analyze current understanding of the BCa microenvironment and identify immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of the tumor stroma and parenchyma.