ONCOUROLOGY

Introduction. The use of selective highly effective antiandrogen drugs in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) gradually leads to cellular transformation.

Objective. To study current concepts of the prevalence of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in patients with CRPC, as well as the treatment of this aggressive variant of PCa.

Introduction. The interaction of the tumor stroma and parenchyma with epithelial cells of bladder cancer (BCa) plays a crucial role in the course and progression of the disease. However, currently, there are no clearly defined markers reflecting the tumor microenvironment, which hinders the assessment of their impact on the course of BCa.

Objective. To analyze current understanding of the BCa microenvironment and identify immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of the tumor stroma and parenchyma.

Introduction. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MEST) of the kidney are rare neoplasms and, along with adult cystic nephroma, are grouped together called mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Kidney, 2022). Clinically and radiologically, they mimic other cystic renal neoplasms, thus definitive diagnosis requires histological and immunohistochemical examination. Despite the benign course, MEST can undergo malignancy; isolated cases of recurrence have also been documented.

Introduction. Chromogranin A has the greatest diagnostic value in detecting neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of a tumor. This work is devoted to the study of the therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using somatostatin (AS) analogues based on the assessment of the neuroendocrine status of the tumor.

Introduction. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) is the most important part of the hormonal system that controls testicular function in men. It is known that testicular neoplasms (TN) can disrupt the regulation of HPG due to the occurrence of hormonal imbalance. However, changes in HPG in patients with TN have been little studied, especially before the start of treatment.

Aim: to assess the degree of hormonal disorders affecting HPG in men with TN before treatment.

Introduction. Treatment of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who have metastases in the ureter with subsequent hydroureteronephrosis is extremely rare in clinical practice. Only eight similar cases are on record in the scientific literature. No recent review exists on this topic. This encouraged us to present our review of cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with ureteral metastasis, have been reported earlier.

Introduction. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. In Russia the number of patients with stage I-II prostate cancer increased from 47,7% in 2010 to 60,7% in 2021. One of the main methods of treatment of localized prostate cancer is high-dose-rate brachytherapy, which today provides high accuracy of prostate dose coverage and minimizes the impact on nearby risk organs. Within ever-increasing publications, high-dose-rate brachytherapy is considered as a method of safe and effective radical treatment of prostate cancer.

Introduction. Nephron-sparing surgery is the current gold standard for the surgical treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Partial nephrectomy can be performed by off-clamp or on clamp techniques. It is especially important to preserve renal function during partial nephrectomy in comorbid patients.

Objective. To evaluate the perioperative results of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with zero ischemia in comorbid patients with RCC.

Introduction. Warm renal ischemia (WRI) is used during the organ-preserving surgery of localized renal cell carcinoma to reduce blood loss, improve the imaging quality, facilitate both accessing the cavitary system and suturing the parenchyma. However, WRI can lead to the ischemic reperfusion injury of the preserved nephrons. Superselective embolization (SSE) of the tumor-feeding branch of renal artery is currently being considered as the alternative method of intraoperative hemostasis.

Introduction. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first line of treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. To improve the results of PFMT the biofeedback method is used, while there is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding its effectiveness.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of PFMT and biofeedback method for restoring urinary continence in patients after radical prostatectomy.