Перепанова Т.С.

Introduction. The growth of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms that cause urological infections, especially uropathogenic Escherichia coli, the main causative agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, requires the search for alternative antimicrobial treatment methods. The discovery of the urine microbiome explains the concept of «asymptomatic bacteriuria», which in most cases does not require the use of antibiotics.

Objective: The article presents a review of modern literature on the problem of chronic diseases of the bladder, including painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, recurrent lower urinary tract infection, chemical or radiation cystitis, the pathogenesis of which is associated with the same pathophysiological changes.

Data on antimicrobial prophylaxis of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is presented in this article. The study was conducted among 60 patients with staghorn and multiple kidney stones who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL).

For prevention of infectious complications of PCNL pyobacteriophage preparation or antibiotic drug were used. Nephrostomic tubes and urethral catheters were treated with pyobacteriophage preparation for 30 minutes to hinder the formation of bacterial biofilms.

The article comprises a literature review on nitrofurans, which are chemotherapeutic drugs with antimicrobial action.

Due to the growth of resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics – cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, the use of which is sharply limited during the lower urinary tract infections, nitrofurans, along with fosfomycin trometamol, remain the firstchoice drugs for treating acute and recurrent lower urinary tract infections (LUTI).

Depending on stone type, the risk of a recurrence makes 50-80%, when performing postoperative prevention this risk decreases to 10-15%. Frequent development of a relapses of infectious kidney stones after PCNL, uropathogens revealed a difference in the urine and kidney stones need to find new modes of antimicrobial prophylaxis of recurrences of infectious genesis stones.

The aim of the study is to reduce number of a recurrence of stones of an infectious genesis after a percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

The goal: to study the influence of the drug the "Uro-Vaksom®" on cytokine status of patients with recurrent bacterial cystitis.

Many young women and also postmenopausal women have to deal with recurrent lower urinary tract infection (RLUTI), which is defined as 3 or more episodes of infection in 1 year or 2 or more episodes during 6 months. Approximately 20-30% of women develop recurrence after first event of acute cystitis. Treatment of female patients with RLUTI is a complicated issue. Despite the recommendations to the optimization of behavior, usage of the non-antimicrobial and antibacterial substances, the recurrence rate stays commonly high.

Urolithiasis is one of the actual problems of the routine urological practice, given the high prevalence and high recurrence rates. In the urological clinics the patients with urolithiasis make up approximately 40% of the contingent. Majority of them are in the most productive age of 30-50 years old. Nearly 30% of the stones have infectious genesis, caused by the production of urease, changes in the urine pH, biofilm formation and followed by the precipitation of the salts. Bacterial colonies form the organic matrices, serving as the core for the stone formation and growth.

This article is devoted to the description of the method of extracorporeal indirect electrochemical oxidation (EIEBO) in patients with infectious inflammatory complications and grade I endotoxicosis. The distinguishing feature of the EIEBO from the adopted intracorporeal method of oxidation is that blood is being processed using 0.06% solution of the sodium hypochlorite (SH) within the venous extracorporeal line, created using special equipment.

This article is devoted to the prognostic method, which can show, whether if the urological infection will have a lethal or favorable outcome.