Просянников М.Ю.

Introduction. Chemical composition of the urinary stone, that is, of its metabolic type, are of great importance for the choice of both invasive methods of treatment of urolithiasis and methods of stone recurrence prevention. However, urinary stones are not always available for analysis, which makes it difficult to select the best treatment methods and leads us to the need to find methods for assessing the chemical composition of patient urinary stones in a patient in vivo.

Introduction. Research Institute of Urology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, directed by Acad. of RAMS, Professor Lopatkin N.A., placed a greater focus on the epidemiology of urological diseases, including urolithiasis, in the USSR and the Russian Federation. Currently, the Institute is monitoring urological morbidity, disability and mortality.

The pathogenesis of urolithiasis, as well as atherosclerosis, is not fully understood. According to hypothesis, the start point of lithogenesis or atherogenesis is endothelial wall damage. It is possible that free radical oxidation is part of the pathogenesis of both diseases. In addition, the results of a large number research works, assert that urolithiasis patients are more likely to get sick atherosclerosis.

Introduction. Acidity of urine is an important factor that can have a modulating effect on the formation of kidney stones. The formation of certain types of urinary stones (oxalate, phosphate, urate, cystine) is largely dependent on the urinary pH. However, the acidity of urine is not the only factor determining the ability urine to stone formation. The lithogenic potential of urine is the result of the interaction of various factors, both metabolic and physicochemical ones, including urine pH.

Introduction. In Russia, until now, methodologically correctly organized population studies of LUTS have not been conducted. In this regard, from 2013 to 2016. Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology. N.A Lopatkin conducted a population-based study of the prevalence of LUTS in men in the Bobrovsky district of the Voronezh region, with an assessment of the depenence of symptoms on age and a number of other anthropometric indicators.

Medical care for patients with urolithiasis in childhood requires special attention. We would like to make out typical mistakes, that admitted in the treatment of urolithiasis in children, and to focus the attention of specialists on the choice of the algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of urolithiasis in childhood, using the example of the following clinical case. Anamnesis of the child's disease described in detail in the article: the results of the basic instrumental research methods are given, the tactics of surgical treatment are reflected.

Introduction. Staghorn stones have a special growth pattern, in which the processes of the calculus gradually fill the internal cavities of the calyceal system of the kidney, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the function of this organ. Like other urinary stones, staghorn stones are characterized by epitaxial growth, in which one crystal layer is formed on top of the other one. The study of the metabolic bases of lithogenesis of these stones can be important for the search for new methods of antirecurrent treatment.

Introduction. Recently, the inexorable rise in the incidence of urolithiasis was recorded. Nowadays, detection of the causes of kidney stone formation and reduction in the number of recurring stones is possible with the help of chemical analysis of kidney stone composition and examination of biochemical parameters of blood and urine. It is also important to evaluate patient’s eating patterns as well. Interviewing of the group of interest using questionnaire surveys is one of the most effective and popular ways of eating patterns evaluation.

High numbers of untreated and complicated diseases, which entail considerable costs and impair the effectiveness of treatment, impose the necessity of reconsidering many issues of heal care provision. Taking into consideration this perspective approach, which enables to improve the effectiveness of diagnostics and treatment and lower unreasonable expenditures on health care system, principles of «4P Medicine» are being introduced.

Introduction. Today, the problem of screening for prostate cancer is not completely solved. Scientific experiments have not allowed to formulate a general concept due to the fact that the screening procedure is accompanied with such factors as hyperdiagnostics, hypertreatment and high economic losses.