Просянников М.Ю.

Introduction. The incidence of urolithiasis associated with impaired bone density is increasing in Russia. Computed tomography (CT) is used to diagnose urolithiasis but does not routinely allow direct assessment of bone mineral density. A method of asynchronous quantitative computed tomography with phantom has been proposed, which enables automated assessment.

Objective. To evaluate the bone mineral density of vertebral bodies in patients with urolithiasis using computed tomography data.

Introduction. The role of magnesiuria as a metabolic factor in the lithogenesis of both calcium stones and separately oxalate and phosphate urinary stones, as well as stones of other metabolic types, remains unclear. In this work, we investigated the effect of the degree of magnesium excretion in men and women with urolithiasis on metabolic parameters and the frequency of detection of urinary stones of various chemical compositions.

Introduction. The lithogenesis of calcium oxalate stones largely depends on specific metabolic disturbances, which develop under the influence of various endogenous, exogenous, and social factors. To prevent recurrence of the disease, according to the Russian Ministry of Health's clinical guidelines for «Urolithiasis», it is necessary to focus on the levels of lithogenic substances in the blood and daily urine. However, these standard values considered without taking into account their potential to cause the development of urinary stones of a specific chemical composition. Determining such laboratory criteria may help clinicians more reliably prevent the development of urolithiasis.

Introduction. Assessment of separate renal function is an important diagnostic characteristic when planning kidney transplant operations or significant surgical interventions. Modern methods make it possible to obtain such data with the help of additional studies, in particular with nephroscintigraphy, which carries with it an additional financial burden and an increase in preoperative preparation time. The developed methods for assessing the separate function of the kidneys due to their automatic segmentation during CT require specialized workstations.

Introduction. In the structure of urolithiasis, the predominant number of patients have stones consisting of calcium oxalate. These stones have a dense structure that is not amenable to litholysis and grows quickly. At the moment, there are no medications that can non-invasively relieve patients of this type of stones. In this connection, the main methods of treatment, depending on the size of the stones, are either lithokinetic therapy or surgical treatment.

Introduction. Today, ultrasound examination (ultrasound), due to a number of advantages over other diagnostic methods (low cost, lack of ionizing radiation, the ability to perform without restrictions on age, gender, body weight, the presence of metal objects, etc.), is widely implemented in clinical practice. However, the accuracy in detecting urinary stones in the gray-scale mode varies from 33 to 95% and depends on the experience of the specialist performing the study and the quality of the ultrasound apparatus.

Introduction. The study of lithogenic substances excretion in stone formers with pure monomineral stones allows us to identify characteristic metabolic changes, the long-term effect of which determines the originality of the pathogenetic mechanism features of the formation of urinary stones consisting of pure minerals.

Introduction. We will try to show the place of acid-base balance (ABB) study in urolithiasis patients. There is the second article in a series of works devoted to the study of ABB in urolithiasis patients. This work is devoted to the study of the level of basic acid base indicators: blood pH, pCO2, pO2, BE.

Introduction. Metaphylaxis of urolithiasis is an important link in the effectiveness of treatment of patients suffering from urolithiasis. However, this direction in the Russian Federation has not become widespread and is implemented, as a rule, only in large medical centers. To identify the reasons for this, an assessment of the existing regulatory framework for the possibility of urolithiasis metaphylaxis in state institutions of the Russian Federation was carried out

Introduction. Low adherence treatment is one of the reasons for the failure of the treatment of chronic diseases, including urolithiasis. The main efforts to increase patients' adherence to treatment should be aimed at acquiring knowledge about possible complications and prognosis of the course of the disease, as well as about the main methods of diagnosis and treatment. However, there is currently no tool to comprehensively assess the initial level of knowledge in these matters and thereby determine the level of adherence to the treatment of urolithiasis.